121 traditional modal analysis in antenna engineering 3 122 definition of characteristic modes 6 123 primary properties of characteristic modes 7 124 variants of characteristic modes 7 13 characteristic modes in antenna engineering 10 131 pioneering cm studies 1965 1990 12 132 recent cm developments 1991 2014 13. Characteristic modes theory and applications in antenna engineering will help antenna researchers engineers and students find new solutions for their antenna design challenges author bios yikai chen is a research scientist of temasek laboratories at national university of singapore tlnus singapore. Characteristic mode theory is a modal analysis technique for antennas of arbitrary shape it also gives a clear understanding of the resonating frequency of specific modes radiation patterns and. Characteristic modes theory and applications in antenna engineering will help antenna researchers engineers and students find new solutions for their antenna design challenges about the author yikai chen is a research scientist of temasek laboratories at national university of singapore tlnus singapore